second messenger systems การใช้

• Activation of these receptors activates the phospholipase C second messenger system.
• Each family couples to the same second messenger systems.
• A general second messenger system mechanism can be broken down into four steps.
• Metabotropic receptors act through second messenger systems to create slow, sustained effects on their targets.
• These signals are then transmitted inside the cell by second messenger systems that often involved the phosphorylation of proteins.
• Endothelin receptor type B is a G protein-coupled receptor which activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
• These include PI3K . Other small GTPases may bind adaptors such as arfaptin or second messenger systems such as adenylyl cyclase.
• All of them function as G protein-coupled receptors, meaning that they exert their effects via a second messenger system.
• It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein-activated second messenger system.
• In the body nitroglycerin donates three nitric oxide molecules, which activate a second messenger system leading to release of calcium ions.
• The metabotropic family are G protein-coupled receptors, meaning that they exert their effects via a complex second messenger system.
• All of these function as G protein-coupled receptors, meaning that they exert their effects via a complex second messenger system.
• The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
• ACh binds to muscarinic receptors, specifically M 3, and causes an increased intracellular calcium ion concentration ( through the IP 3 / DAG second messenger system ).
• It binds to IL8 with high affinity, and transduces the signal through a G-protein-activated second messenger system ( G i / o-coupled ).
• Neurotransmitters, second messenger systems, protein kinases, ion channels, and transcription factors like CREB have been confirmed to function in both vertebrate and invertebrate learning and memory storage.
• Many synapses use more than one neurotransmitter a common arrangement is for a synapse to use one fast-acting small-molecule neurotransmitter such as chemically gated ion channels and second messenger systems.
• Research done by creating knock-outs of common channels activated by sensory G-protein second messenger systems has also shown a connection between umami taste perception and the phosphatidylinositol ( PIP2 ) pathway.
• Its activity is mediated by G proteins which stimulate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system . It is a major contributor to homeostasis and the control of water, glucose, and salts in the blood.
• The functions of these synapses are very diverse : some are excitatory ( exciting the target cell ); others are inhibitory; others work by activating second messenger systems that change the internal chemistry of their target cells in complex ways.